Feedback in Modern Russian: Adaptation and Functioning of the Loanword

The article examines the process of adapting the loanword фидбек (feedback) within the lexical and grammatical system of the standard Russian language. The empirical basis of the research consists of extensive linguistic material contained in the National Corpus of the Russian Language and the Integrum Profi database. Based on the analysis, the semantic, grammatical, and formal adaptation of the lexeme фидбек (feedback) is described. The research shows that this neologism was borrowed from English in the mid-1990s through several professional jargons (musical, technological, and marketing). Subsequently, its meaning associated with the field of marketing became the most widespread, and its extensive use outside the framework of marketing discourse contributed to the despecialization of the lexeme. The author concludes that in modern Russian, the semantic structure of the word фидбек (feedback) contains a number of meanings, both related to standard language and socially restricted. The results of the analysis confirm that the lexeme фидбек (feedback) is fully integrated into the grammatical system of the Russian language (it is included in the system of grammatical classes, has an appropriate morphological design, forms analytical constructions, and is included in derivational processes), however, it still remains variable in spelling (фидбек / фидбэк). The research establishes that the loanword фидбек (feedback) has moved from the linguistic periphery to the core lexicon of the Russian standard language and does not have fully equivalent semantic counterparts. An important task is to record this word in academic explanatory dictionaries.